In conclusion, the existence of a high frequency of enterobacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis shows that periodontologists should pay greater attention to prevention protocols, and develop mechanical and antimicrobial therapies in which antimicrobial susceptibility profile reports should be considered as part of periodontal treatment. Clinical isolates showed very low sensitivity levels to beta-lactam ampicillin and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, 17.2% and 27.6% respectively, and higher sensitivity levels to ciprofloxacin (96.6%), amikacin (79.3%), gentamicin (68.9%) and ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and trimethoprimsulfa (65.5%). Gram negatives have thin walls which only retain the red carbol fuschin dye. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the acidogenic. The gingivitis group had the highest frequency of Erwinia sp. with the strains of the first main group being gram-negative fermentative. In the chronic periodontitis group the most common species were: K. The evaluation of samples showed presence of 29 enterobacterial species distributed as follows: 7 in the group with gingivitis and 22 in the group with chronic periodontitis. Microbiology year 2 gram facultative anaerobic rods defining characteristics of the enterobacteriacea gram straight rods non sporulating facultative anaerobes. GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS RELATED TO RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: Organism. Samples were incubated for 4 hours at 37 degrees C and finally replated on MacConkey agar Bacteria were identified using the API-20E system (Biomerieux, France) and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method. Microbiological samples were taken from the gingival sulcus using paper points, which then were placed in thioglycollate broth. A descriptive, observational study was performed including 64 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 patients with gingivitis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis and to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates. Some species are characterized as oligotroph s, organisms capable of living in low-nutrient environments such as deep oceanic sediments, glacial ice, or deep undersurface soil. In recent years, studies have been conducted to assess the presence of Gram-negative facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteriaceae) and their participation in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. The first class of Proteobacteria is the Alphaproteobacteria, many of which are obligate or facultative intracellular bacteria. As an integral part of the human microbiome, these microorganisms can be found in different anatomical sites and they can be responsible for a plethora of infections that may be serious or life-threatening 1,2,3,4. Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with Gram-negative anaerobes which are part of the subgingival microflora. Anaerobic bacteria have been implicated in a wide range of infectious processes. Legionella pneumophilia legionnaires disease-1976 Gram reaction & characteristics: Gram negative coccobacilli, pleomorphic, obligate aerobe.
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